Deep Learning-Based Prediction of Future Extrahepatic Metastasis and Macrovascular Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Our deep learning-based model successfully stratified the risks of aggressive PD. In the high-risk population, current guideline indicates that first-line treatments are insufficient to prevent extrahepatic metastasis and macrovascular invasion and ensure survival benefits, so more therapies may be explored for these patients.