Is "sadistic pleasure" a contrived process of signaling one's antagonism?
Charlotte K CeaseWilliam HartJoshua T LambertDanielle E WittPublished in: Journal of personality (2023)
The findings fail to support antagonism confirmation theory, but they support recent perspectives on sadism that suggest that sadistic people may occasionally care about seeming moral (or not seeming antagonistic) and that sadism may be somewhat ego-dystonic in this respect.