Protective and Risk Factors for Phantom Limb Pain and Residual Limb Pain Severity.

Marionna Münger Camila Bonin Pinto Kevin Pacheco-Barrios Dante DuarteMuhamed Enes GunduzMarcel SimisLinamara R BattistellaFelipe Fregni

Published in: Pain practice : the official journal of World Institute of Pain (2020)

These results suggest different neurobiological mechanisms to explain PLP and RLP intensity. While PLP risk factors seem to be related to maladaptive plasticity, since phantom sensation and older age are associated with more pain, RLP risk factors seem to have components leading to neuropathic pain, such as the amount of neural lesion and previous history of chronic pain. Interestingly, the phantom movement appears to be protective for both phenomena.

Keyphrases

chronic pain
neuropathic pain
risk factors
pain management
spinal cord
spinal cord injury
image quality
physical activity
monte carlo
drug induced