Association between Organochlorine Pesticides and Vitamin D in Female Subjects.

In human population studies, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been linked to vitamin D deficiency. Therefore, this study examined the association between OCPs, vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol, 25(OH)D 3 ), and the active metabolite 1,25-dihydrovitamin D 3 (1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ) in a cohort of non-obese women. The serum samples of 58 female participants (age-31.9 ± 4.6 years; body mass index (BMI)-25.7 ± 3.7 kg/m 2 ) were screened for 10 indicator OCPs. 25(OH)D 3 and 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 levels were determined via isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. In this cohort, the 25(OH)D 3 and 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 levels were 22.9 ± 11.2 ng/mL and 0.05 ± 0.02 ng/mL, respectively, with 28 participants classified as 25(OH)D 3 -deficient (<50 nmol/L). In the study cohort, no correlations were found between individual or total OCPs (ƩOCPs) and 25(OH)D 3 . p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and ƩOCPs correlated positively with 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 , with the latter being negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). In women with sufficient 25(OH)D 3 levels, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethan (DDT) was positively correlated with 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 , whilst in the deficient group, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and p,p'-(DDE) were positively correlated with 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 , β-Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) was positively correlated with 25(OH)D 3 , and none of the OCPs were associated with measures of renal function. Overall, OCPs and ƩOCPs were not associated with 25(OH)D 3 , suggesting that they are unrelated to vitamin D deficiency, but p,p'-DDE and ƩOCPs correlated positively with active 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 , while ƩOCPs correlated negatively with eGFR, suggesting a possible renal effect. Analysis of vitamin D deficiency revealed an association between β-HCH and 25(OH)D 3 , and between HCB and p,p'-DDE and 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 , suggesting that OCP effects may be enhanced in cases of vitamin D deficiency.