Cadmium, active smoking and renal function deterioration in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Milou M OosterwijkIlse J M HagedoornRonald G H J MaatmanStephan J L BakkerGerjan NavisGozewijn D LavermanPublished in: Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association (2022)
Active smoking is associated with progressive kidney disease in T2D. The association between cadmium concentration and renal function deterioration is for a large part determined by smoking status. Extensive assessment of smoking status may be useful in patients with T2D at high risk of kidney damage.