Prussian Blue-Derived Nanocomposite Synergized with Calcium Overload for Three-Mode ROS Outbreak Generation to Enhance Oncotherapy.

Calcium overload, a novel treatment can lead to tumor cell death. However, because of the powerful, complex, and exquisite calcium channel excretory system within tumor cells, simplistic calcium overloads do not allow for an effective antitumor therapy. Hence, the nanoparticles were created with polyethylene glycol (PEG) donor-modified calcium phosphate (CaP)-coated, manganese-doped hollow mesopores Prussian blue (MMPB) encapsulating glucose oxidase (GOx), called GOx@MMPB@CaP-PEG (GMCP). GMCP with a three-mode enhancement of intratumor reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels is rationally designed to increase the efficiency of the intracellular calcium overload in tumor cells to enhance its anticancer efficacy. The released exogenous Ca 2+ is derived from the CaP coating, and the production of cytotoxic ROS is derived from hydroxyl radicals resulting from the perfect circulation of the three-mode ROS outbreak generation that Fenton/Fenton-like reaction and consumption of glutathione from Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ and Mn 2+ /Mn 3+ circle, and amelioration of hypoxia from MMPB-guided and GOx-mediated starvation therapy. Photothermal efficacy-induced heat generation owing to MMPB accelerates the above reactions. Furthermore, high levels of ROS contribute to damage to mitochondria, and the calcium channels of efflux Ca 2+ are inhibited, resulting in a calcium overload. Excessive intracellular Ca 2+ further increases ROS levels and promotes apoptosis of tumor cells to achieve excellent antitumor ability. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.