With the rising demand for information security, there has been a surge of interest in harnessing the intrinsic physical properties of device for designing a secure logic circuit. Here we provide an innovative approach to realize the secure optoelectronic logic circuit based on nonvolatile van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure phototransistors. The phototransistors comprising WSe 2 and h-BN flakes exhibit electrical tunability of nonvolatile conductance under cooperative operations of electrical and light stimulus. This intriguing feature allows the phototransistor to work as a building block for the design of secure optoelectronic logic circuit in which the information encryption can be directly achieved with a designed secret key. On the basis of this approach, we assemble two phototransistors into an optoelectronic hybrid circuit and implement a functionally complete set of logic gates (i.e., NOR, XOR, and NAND) in a reconfigurable manner. Our findings highlight the potential of nonvolatile phototransistors for the development of reconfigurable secure optoelectronic circuits.