The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 34%. DR was determined by high systolic blood pressure, old age, and employment. Although not statistically significant, gender, hyperglycemic state, poor glycemic control, smoking, and increased body mass index (BMI) were associated with increased risk of developing DR.
Keyphrases
- diabetic retinopathy
- glycemic control
- south africa
- body mass index
- blood pressure
- type diabetes
- blood glucose
- optical coherence tomography
- hiv positive
- editorial comment
- weight gain
- weight loss
- hypertensive patients
- insulin resistance
- heart failure
- risk factors
- heart rate
- left ventricular
- mental health
- physical activity
- smoking cessation
- metabolic syndrome
- adipose tissue
- mental illness
- antiretroviral therapy