Toxoplasma Encephalitis following Tandem Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.
Vidya KolluMargarida Magalhaes-SilvermanGuido TricotDilek IncePublished in: Case reports in infectious diseases (2018)
Infection with Toxoplasma gondii is a rare but often fatal complication in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients. Most cases have been reported in allogeneic (allo-) HSCT recipients, with only narrative reports following autologous HSCT (ASCT). We report the case of a 58-year-old Caucasian male presenting with toxoplasma encephalitis following tandem ASCT for myeloma and successfully treated with diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. He was treated with sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine (with leucovorin) followed by pyrimethamine and atovaquone as secondary prophylaxis while receiving subsequent therapy for progressive multiple myeloma. Toxoplasmosis is a potential complication in allo-HSCT as well as ASCT recipients and should be considered in any post-HSCT patient with neurological dysfunction. Rapid diagnosis and immediate antimicrobial treatment are essential to avoid morbidity and mortality.
Keyphrases
- hematopoietic stem cell
- toxoplasma gondii
- multiple myeloma
- bone marrow
- cerebrospinal fluid
- kidney transplantation
- acute myeloid leukemia
- case report
- multiple sclerosis
- stem cell transplantation
- staphylococcus aureus
- cell therapy
- oxidative stress
- newly diagnosed
- emergency department
- low dose
- high dose
- quantum dots
- african american