3D-printed electrospun fibers for wound healing.

Wound management for acute and chronic wounds has become a serious clinical problem worldwide, placing considerable pressure on public health systems. Owing to the high-precision, adjustable pore structure, and repeatable manufacturing process, 3D-printed electrospun fiber (3DP-ESF) has attracted widespread attention for fabricating wound dressing. In addition, in comparison with 2D electrospun fiber membranes fabricated by traditional electrospinning, the 3D structures provide additional guidance on cell behavior. In this perspective article, we firstly summarize the basic manufacturing principles and methods to fabricate 3DP-ESF. Then, we discuss the function of 3DP-ESF in manipulating the different stages of wound healing, including anti-bacteria, anti-inflammation, and promotion of cell migration and proliferation, as well as the construction of tissue-engineered scaffolds. In the end, we provide the current challenge faced by 3DP-ESF in the application of skin wound regeneration and its promising future directions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.