The first molecular record of Borrelia afzelii , B. garinii , B. valaisiana , B. burgdorferi s.s. and B. bavariensis in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex comprises 20 species, from which B. afzelii , B. garinii , B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. bavariensis , and B. spielmanii are directly associated with Lyme borreliosis, while B. bissettiae , B. lusitaniae , and B. valaisiana were detected in individual cases. Their main vector in Europe is the hard tick species Ixodes ricinus . To date, two species, B. spielmanii and B. lusitaniae , have been molecularly detected in Bosnia and Herzegovina. To test for the presence of other Borrelia species, we performed nested PCR targeting intergenic region rrf (5S) - rrl (23S) on DNA isolates from 49 ticks collected from vegetation by flagging method and 43 removed from humans in The Center for Emergency Medical Assistance of the Sarajevo Canton and The Healthcare Centers of the Sarajevo Canton. Borrelia species were detected by one-directional Sanger sequencing of the amplified region using the same forward primer as in PCR. Out of six Borrelia species detected in the present study, this is the first record of B. afzelii , B. garinii , B. burgdorferi s.s . B. bavariensis , and B. valaisiana in Bosnia and Herzegovina.