Delayed Presentation of Actinomycosis Following Orthognathic Surgery: An Old Nemesis and a Difficult Diagnosis: Case Presentation and Review of the Literature.

Actinomycosis is very rare following orthognathic surgery. It usually occurs in the mandible and following a sagittal split. Time of presentation for actinomycosis can vary from 6 weeks to 4 months as in our case. Infections occurring this late after surgery should be treated with suspicion of actinomycosis obtaining both cultures and tissue biopsies. Treatment involves an incision and drainage and long-term antibiotics.