Pediatric trainees systematically under-report duty hour violations compared to electronic health record defined shifts.

Duty hour monitoring is required in accredited training programs, however trainee self-reporting is onerous and vulnerable to bias. The objectives of this study were to use an automated, validated algorithm to measure duty hour violations of pediatric trainees over a full academic year and compare to self-reported violations. Duty hour violations calculated from electronic health record (EHR) logs varied significantly by trainee role and rotation. Block-by-block differences show 36.8% (222/603) of resident-blocks with more EHR-defined violations (EDV) compared to self-reported violations (SRV), demonstrating systematic under-reporting of duty hour violations. Automated duty hour tracking could provide real-time, objective assessment of the trainee work environment, allowing program directors and accrediting organizations to design and test interventions focused on improving educational quality.