Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Their Association with Vitamin D Deficiency in Mexican Women of Reproductive Age.
Alejandra Contreras-ManzanoSalvador VillalpandoClaudia García-DíazMario E FloresPublished in: Nutrients (2019)
Based on a nationally representative sample of young Mexican women aged 20 to 49 years (n = 3260), we sought to explore whether cardiovascular risk factors and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were associated with vitamin D deficiency (VDD, defined as 25-OH-D <50 nmol/L). To this end, we obtained sociodemographic, serum and anthropometric data from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT 2012). Analyses were developed through logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. The prevalence of VDD was significantly higher in obese women (42.5%, 95% CI; 37.3-47.9) compared to women with a normal body mass index (29.9%, 95% CI; 23.5-37.1, p = 0.05), in those with high total cholesterol (TC) (45.6% 95% CI; 39.4-51.9) compared to those with normal TC levels (33.9%, 95% CI 30-38.1, p = 0.03), and in those with insulin resistance (IR) (44%, 95% CI; 36.9-51.7) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (58.6%, 95% CI 46.9-69.4) compared to those with normal glycemia (no insulin resistance: 34.7%, 95% CI; 30.9-38.8, p = 0.04 and no T2DM: 34.9%, 95% CI 31.4-38.6, p < 0.001). Utilizing individual models to estimate cardiovascular risk according to VDD, we found that the odds of being obese (odds ratio, OR: 1.53, 95% CI 1.02-2.32, p = 0.05), or having high TC levels (OR: 1.43, 95% CI; 1.05-2.01, p = 0.03), T2DM (OR: 2.64, 95% CI; 1.65-4.03, p < 0.001), or IR (OR: 1.48, 95% CI 1.04-2.10, p = 0.026) were significantly higher in women with VDD (p < 0.05). Odds were not statistically significant for overweight, high blood pressure, sedentarism, AMI, high serum concentration of triglycerides, homocysteine, or C-reactive protein models. In conclusion, our results indicate that young Mexican women with VDD show a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors.
Keyphrases
- cardiovascular risk factors
- metabolic syndrome
- acute myocardial infarction
- insulin resistance
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- blood pressure
- body mass index
- cardiovascular disease
- adipose tissue
- type diabetes
- physical activity
- weight loss
- risk factors
- high fat diet
- pregnancy outcomes
- machine learning
- pregnant women
- weight gain
- coronary artery disease
- climate change
- electronic health record
- body composition
- percutaneous coronary intervention
- big data
- data analysis