Shape-Versatile Fixed Cellular Materials for Multiple Target Immunomodulation.
Ana Rita SousaAna F CunhaAna Santos-CoquillatBeatriz Hernaez EstradaKara L SpillerMarta BarãoArtur Filipe RodriguesSusana SimõesAndreia VilaçaLino FerreiraMariana B OliveiraJoao F ManoPublished in: Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) (2024)
Therapeutic cells are usually administered as living agents, despite the risks of undesired cell migration and acquisition of unpredictable phenotypes. Additionally, most cell-based therapies rely on the administration of single cells, often associated with rapid in vivo clearance. 3D cellular materials may be useful to prolong the effect of cellular therapies and offer the possibility of creating structural volumetric constructs. Here, the manufacturing of shape-versatile fixed cell-based materials with immunomodulatory properties is reported. Living cell aggregates with different shapes (spheres and centimeter-long fibers) are fixed using a method compatible with maintenance of structural integrity, robustness, and flexibility of 3D constructs. The biological properties of living cells can be modulated before fixation, rendering an in vitro anti-inflammatory effect toward human macrophages, in line with a decreased activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway that preponderantly correlated with the surface area of the materials. These findings are further corroborated in vivo in mouse skin wounds. Contact with fixed materials also reduces the proliferation of activated primary T lymphocytes, while promoting regulatory populations. The fixation of cellular constructs is proposed as a versatile phenotypic stabilization method that can be easily implemented to prepare immunomodulatory materials with therapeutic potential.
Keyphrases
- nuclear factor
- induced apoptosis
- living cells
- single cell
- cell migration
- toll like receptor
- cell therapy
- signaling pathway
- endothelial cells
- cell cycle arrest
- oxidative stress
- fluorescent probe
- transcription factor
- bone marrow
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- lps induced
- inflammatory response
- immune response
- climate change
- quantum dots
- risk assessment
- wound healing
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- soft tissue
- genetic diversity