Overlooked Formation of H 2 O 2 during the Hydroxyl Radical-Scavenging Process When Using Alcohols as Scavengers.

Hydroxyl radical (•OH) is an active species widely reported in studies across many scientific fields, and hence, its reliable analysis is vitally important. Currently, alcohols are commonly used as scavengers for •OH determination. However, the impacts of alcohols on the reliability of •OH detection remain unknown. In this study, we found that adding different types and different amounts of alcohols in water samples treated with ultraviolet irradiation undesirably produced substantial amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), which is a known •OH precursor. This means that the conventional •OH determination method using alcohols is likely unreliable or even misleading. Through careful investigation, we revealed an overlooked reaction pathway during H 2 O 2 and •OH transformations. Varying oxygen concentrations, pHs, alcohol dosages, and types altered H 2 O 2 formation, which can affect •OH determination accuracy. Among alcohols, n -butanol is the best scavenger because it quenches •OH rapidly but re-forms little H 2 O 2 .