Determinants of chronic energy deficiency among non-pregnant and non-lactating women of reproductive age in rural Kebeles of Dera District, North West Ethiopia, 2019: Unmatched case control study.

Inadequate meal frequency, absence of home gardening, absence of latrine facility, high family size and educational status of illiterate were the determinants of chronic energy deficiency, thus indicating the imperative for a multi-sectoral approach with health, agriculture and education entities developing and delivering interventions.