Fitness costs associated with chlorantraniliprole resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) strains with different genetic backgrounds.

The genetic background of the resistant strains alters fitness cost outcomes. The RR strain showed fitness costs associated with resistance, but the Iso-RR did not. Our work supports the decision-making process of resistance management programs and adds to the growing body of research that enlightens the importance of strain genetics in fitness cost experiments. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.