Full-endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy Approach Selection - A Systematic Review And Proposed Algorithm.

Vit KotheeranurakWongthawat LiawrungrueangJavier Quillo-OlveraChristoph J SiepeZhen Zhou LiPramod V LokhandeGun ChoiYong AhnChien-Min ChenKyung Chul ChoiFacundo Van IsseldykVincent HagelSairyo KoichiChristoph P HofstetterDavid Del CurtoYue ZhouChen BolaiJun Seok BaeMuhammed AssousGuang-Xun LinKhanathip JitpakdeeYanting LiuJin-Sung L Kim

Published in: Spine (2023)

The proposed algorithm suggests a TELD for LDH located in the foraminal or extraforaminal zones at upper and lower levels and for central and subarticular discs at the upper levels considering the anatomical foraminal features and the craniocaudal pathology location. An IELD is preferred for LDH in the central or subarticular zones at L4/L5 and L5/S1, especially if a high iliac crest or high-grade migration is found.

Keyphrases

high grade
machine learning
deep learning
minimally invasive
low grade
ultrasound guided
neural network