Drug Interactions Affecting Kidney Function: Beware of Health Threats from Triple Whammy.
Tomasz HarężlakUrszula ReligioniFilip M SzymańskiDagmara HeringAgnieszka BarańskaAgnieszka Neumann-PodczaskaMatthew AllanPiotr MerksPublished in: Advances in therapy (2021)
Triple whammy (TW) is a potentially dangerous drug combination that can lead to acute kidney injury (AKI). This drug interaction (DI) occurs when angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are used together with diuretics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). One of the most serious consequences of TW DI is an increased risk of developing pre-renal acute kidney injury (pr-AKI). The term TW, in the context of a DI affecting kidney function, is not very widespread. The aim of this article was to gather information on this interaction. Previous knowledge on the mechanism of TW and how to increase patient awareness of this interaction is described. In addition, the specific nature of the acute kidney injury (AKI) caused by triple whammy (AKITW) is presented. On the basis of the current state of knowledge, recommendations on how to manage the TW DI are also demonstrated.
Keyphrases
- acute kidney injury
- angiotensin converting enzyme
- angiotensin ii
- anti inflammatory drugs
- cardiac surgery
- healthcare
- biofilm formation
- vascular smooth muscle cells
- public health
- staphylococcus aureus
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- mental health
- emergency department
- candida albicans
- drug induced
- clinical practice
- cystic fibrosis
- gestational age
- binding protein