The CD8+ T cell exhaustion mechanisms in chronic hepatitis B infection and immunotherapeutic strategies: a systematic review.
Esmaeil AllahmoradiRamtin MohammadiPeyman Kheirandish ZarandiSeyed Moayed AlavianMohammad HeiatPublished in: Expert review of clinical immunology (2023)
According to the numerous conducted studies, we conclude that CD8+ T cell exhaustion commonly occurs in the tumoral and chronic suppressive environment and CHB and HCC patients; furthermore, this phenomenon is less seen in AHB and ACLF patients. The emergence of surficial IRs on CD8+ T cells is the leading cause of exhaustion, and PD-1 has much importance among the others.