Although angiotensin II (Ang II) was reported to facilitate sperm motility and intratesticular sperm transport, recent findings shed light on the efficacy of Ang II in stimulating inflammatory events in testicular peritubular cells, effect of which may play a role in male infertility. It is still unknown whether Ang II can induce testicular apoptotic cell death, which may be a more direct action of Ang II in male infertility. Therefore, the present study aims to determine whether Ang II can induce testicular apoptotic cell death and whether this action can be prevented by sulforaphane (SFN) via activating nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2), the governor of antioxidant-redox signalling. Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J wild type (WT) and Nrf2 gene knockout mice were treated with Ang II, in the presence or absence of SFN. In WT mice, SFN activated testicular NRF2 expression and function, along with a marked attenuation in Ang II-induced testicular oxidative stress, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptotic cell death. Deletion of the Nrf2 gene led to a complete abolishment of these efficacies of SFN. The present study indicated that Ang II may result in testicular apoptotic cell death, which can be prevented by SFN via the activation of NRF2.
Keyphrases
- angiotensin ii
- cell death
- oxidative stress
- cell cycle arrest
- induced apoptosis
- angiotensin converting enzyme
- vascular smooth muscle cells
- diabetic rats
- germ cell
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- dna damage
- nuclear factor
- gene expression
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- wild type
- staphylococcus aureus
- clinical trial
- anti inflammatory
- toll like receptor
- drug induced
- insulin resistance
- type diabetes
- inflammatory response
- escherichia coli
- immune response
- biofilm formation
- cystic fibrosis
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- heat shock
- high fat diet induced