Electrochemical monitoring of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species and redox balance in living cells.
Marco MalferrariMaila BecconiStefania RapinoPublished in: Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry (2019)
Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in cells and cell redox balance are of great interest in live cells as they are correlated to several pathological and physiological conditions of living cells. ROS and RNS detection is limited due to their spatially restricted abundance: they are usually located in sub-cellular areas (e.g., in specific organelles) at low concentration. In this work, we will review and highlight the electrochemical approach to this bio-analytical issue. Combining electrochemical methods and miniaturization strategies, specific, highly sensitive, time, and spatially resolved measurements of cellular oxidative stress and redox balance analysis are possible. Graphical abstract In this work, we highlight and review the use of electrochemistry for the highly spatial and temporal resolved detection of ROS/RNS levels and of redox balance in living cells. These levels are central in several pathological and physiological conditions and the electrochemical approach is a vibrant bio-analytical trend in this field.
Keyphrases
- living cells
- fluorescent probe
- reactive oxygen species
- label free
- induced apoptosis
- gold nanoparticles
- single molecule
- electron transfer
- dna damage
- cell death
- oxidative stress
- cell cycle arrest
- molecularly imprinted
- ionic liquid
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- real time pcr
- stem cells
- signaling pathway
- cell therapy
- mesenchymal stem cells
- mass spectrometry
- wastewater treatment
- bone marrow
- heat shock
- simultaneous determination
- heat shock protein