Regulatory T Cells Contribute to Sexual Dimorphism in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury.

Tregs from neonatal female mice provide endogenous neuroprotection, whereas Tregs from male mice increase secondary neurodegeneration. As potential mechanisms, we identified intrinsic transcriptional differences associated with enhanced anti-inflammatory activity of female Tregs. Our study emphasizes the urgent need for sex-stratified clinical and preclinical analyses.