C 2+ Selectivity for CO 2 Electroreduction on Oxidized Cu-Based Catalysts.

Design for highly selective catalysts for CO 2 electroreduction to multicarbon (C 2+ ) fuels is pressing and important. There is, however, presently a poor understanding of selectivity toward C 2+ species. Here we report for the first time a method of judiciously combined quantum chemical computations, artificial-intelligence (AI) clustering, and experiment for development of a model for the relationship between C 2+ product selectivity and composition of oxidized Cu-based catalysts. We 1) evidence that the oxidized Cu surface more significantly facilitates C-C coupling, 2) confirm the critical potential condition(s) for this oxidation state under different metal doping components via ab initio thermodynamics computation, 3) establish an inverted-volcano relationship between experimental Faradaic efficiency and critical potential using multidimensional scaling (MDS) results based on physical properties of dopant elements, and 4) demonstrate design for electrocatalysts to selectively generate C 2+ product(s) through a co-doping strategy of early and late transition metals. We conclude that a combination of theoretical computation, AI clustering, and experiment can be used to practically establish relationships between descriptors and selectivity for complex reactions. Findings will benefit researchers in designing electroreduction conversions of CO 2 to multicarbon C 2+ products.