Imaging for the Initial Staging and Post-Treatment Surveillance of Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Samuel J GalganoJohn C NortonKristin K PorterJanelle T WestSoroush Rais-BahramiPublished in: Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) (2022)
Although relatively rare in the United States, penile squamous cell carcinoma is encountered worldwide at a higher rate. Initial diagnosis is often made on clinical exam, as almost all of these lesions are externally visible and amenable to biopsy. In distinction to other types of malignancies, penile cancer relies heavily on clinical nodal staging of the inguinal lymph node chains. As with all cancers, imaging plays a role in the initial staging, restaging, and surveillance of these patients. The aim of this manuscript is to highlight the applications, advantages, and limitations of different imaging modalities in the evaluation of penile cancer, including ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography.
Keyphrases
- lymph node
- computed tomography
- positron emission tomography
- magnetic resonance imaging
- squamous cell carcinoma
- pet ct
- high resolution
- papillary thyroid
- public health
- end stage renal disease
- radical prostatectomy
- neoadjuvant chemotherapy
- lymph node metastasis
- squamous cell
- sentinel lymph node
- newly diagnosed
- chronic kidney disease
- childhood cancer
- peritoneal dialysis
- young adults
- mass spectrometry
- fluorescence imaging
- image quality
- diffusion weighted imaging
- smoking cessation