The pancreatic cancer microenvironment: A true double agent.
Laleh G MelstromMarcela D SalazarDon J DiamondPublished in: Journal of surgical oncology (2017)
The tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer is a complex balance of pro- and anti-tumor components. The dense desmoplasia consists of immune cells, extracellular matrix, growth factors, cytokines, and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAF) or pancreatic stellate cells (PSC). There are a multitude of targets including hyaluronan, angiogenesis, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), CD40, chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR-4), immunotherapy, and Vitamin D. The developing clinical therapeutics will be reviewed.
Keyphrases
- extracellular matrix
- growth factor
- cell migration
- induced apoptosis
- cell cycle arrest
- stem cells
- endothelial cells
- small molecule
- vascular endothelial growth factor
- anti inflammatory
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- tyrosine kinase
- protein kinase
- biofilm formation
- cell death
- oxidative stress
- binding protein
- signaling pathway
- wound healing
- staphylococcus aureus
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- candida albicans