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Tin Oxide Electron-Selective Layers for Efficient, Stable, and Scalable Perovskite Solar Cells.

Cesur AltinkayaErkan AydinEsma UgurFurkan H IsikgorAnand S SubbiahMichele De BastianiJiang LiuAslihan BabayigitThomas G AllenFrédéric LaquaiAbdullah YildizStefaan De Wolf
Published in: Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) (2021)
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become a promising photovoltaic (PV) technology, where the evolution of the electron-selective layers (ESLs), an integral part of any PV device, has played a distinctive role to their progress. To date, the mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2 )/compact TiO2 stack has been among the most used ESLs in state-of-the-art PSCs. However, this material requires high-temperature sintering and may induce hysteresis under operational conditions, raising concerns about its use toward commercialization. Recently, tin oxide (SnO2 ) has emerged as an attractive alternative ESL, thanks to its wide bandgap, high optical transmission, high carrier mobility, suitable band alignment with perovskites, and decent chemical stability. Additionally, its low-temperature processability enables compatibility with temperature-sensitive substrates, and thus flexible devices and tandem solar cells. Here, the notable developments of SnO2 as a perovskite-relevant ESL are reviewed with emphasis placed on the various fabrication methods and interfacial passivation routes toward champion solar cells with high stability. Further, a techno-economic analysis of SnO2 materials for large-scale deployment, together with a processing-toxicology assessment, is presented. Finally, a perspective on how SnO2 materials can be instrumental in successful large-scale module and perovskite-based tandem solar cell manufacturing is provided.
Keyphrases
  • perovskite solar cells
  • solar cells
  • high temperature
  • quantum dots
  • single cell
  • high resolution
  • cell therapy
  • mass spectrometry
  • mesenchymal stem cells
  • visible light