Quantitative investigation of the formation and growth of palladium fractal nanocrystals by liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy.

Using liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy, the transformation of irregular palladium nanoclusters to fractal nanocrystals is in situ investigated. The results demonstrate that increasing the difference between the atomic formation/incorporation rates and diffusion rates can promote the formation and growth of dendrites via supersaturation mediated kinetics control.