Maternal occupational cadmium exposure and nonsyndromic orofacial clefts.

Jonathan SuhlPaul A RomittiYanyan CaoCarissa M RocheleauTrudy L BurnsKristin ConwayPreetha RajaramanA J AgopianPatricia Stewartnull null

Published in: Birth defects research (2018)

To our knowledge, this is the first study to specifically examine maternal occupational cadmium exposure and OFCs, using expert rater exposure assessment. The small numbers of exposed mothers observed, however, led to imprecise estimates. Continued research using more detailed occupational exposure assessment and increased sample sizes is recommended.

Keyphrases

heavy metals
birth weight
pregnancy outcomes
physical activity
clinical practice
risk assessment