Cigarette consumption and biomarkers of nicotine exposure during pregnancy and postpartum.

Taraneh TaghaviChristopher A ArgerSarah H HeilStephen T HigginsRachel Fynvola Tyndale

Published in: Addiction (Abingdon, England) (2018)

Neither cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) nor cotinine provides an accurate estimate of nicotine exposure during pregnancy. CPD underestimates nicotine intake substantially due to under-reporting and/or higher intensity of smoking, while cotinine underestimates nicotine intake markedly due to accelerated nicotine (and cotinine) metabolism during pregnancy.

Keyphrases

smoking cessation
replacement therapy
high intensity
weight gain
physical activity