Quantum state-resolved methane scattering from Ni(111) and NiO(111) by bolometer infrared laser tagging: The effect of surface oxidation.

We describe a novel ultrahigh vacuum state-to-state molecule/surface scattering apparatus with quantum state preparation of the incident molecular beam and angle-resolved quantum state detection of the scattered molecules. State-resolved detection is accomplished using a tunable mid-infrared laser source combined with a cryogenic bolometer detector and is applicable to any molecule with an infrared-active vibrational transition. Results on rotationally inelastic scattering of CH4 methane from a Ni(111) surface and NiO(111)/Ni(111) oxide film, obtained by the new apparatus, are presented. Molecules scattering from the oxidized surface, compared to those scattering from the bare nickel surface, are more highly excited rotationally and scatter into a broader distribution of angles. The internal alignment of molecular rotation is in addition found to be stronger in molecules scattering from the bare surface. Furthermore, the maxima of the state-resolved angular distributions shift toward and away from surface normal with increasing rotational quantum number J for the oxidized and bare surface, respectively. Finally, the rotational state populations produced in scattering from the oxidized surface are well-described by a Boltzmann distribution, while those produced in scattering from the bare surface exhibit large deviations from their best-fit Boltzmann distributions. These results point toward a marked enhancement in molecule-surface collisional energy exchange induced by oxidation of the nickel surface.