Chemoresistance-Related Stem Cell Signaling in Osteosarcoma and Its Plausible Contribution to Poor Therapeutic Response: A Discussion That Still Matters.
Sara R Martins-NevesGabriela Sampaio-RibeiroCélia M F GomesPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2022)
Osteosarcoma is amongst the most prevalent bone sarcomas and majorly afflicts children and adolescents. Therapeutic regimens based on the triad of doxorubicin, cisplatin and methotrexate have been used as the state-of-the-art approach to clinical treatment and management, with no significant improvements in the general outcomes since their inception in the early 1970s. This fact raises the following problematic questions: Why do some patients still relapse despite an initial good response to therapy? Why do nearly 30% of patients not respond to neoadjuvant therapies? Does residual persistent disease contribute to relapses and possible metastatic dissemination? Accumulating evidence suggests that chemoresistant cancer stem cells may be the major culprits contributing to those challenging clinical outcomes. Herein, we revisit the maneuvers that cancer stem cells devise for eluding cell killing by the classic cytotoxic therapies used in osteosarcoma, highlighting studies that demonstrate the complex crosstalk of signaling pathways that cancer stem cells can recruit to become chemoresistant.
Keyphrases
- cancer stem cells
- end stage renal disease
- stem cells
- chronic kidney disease
- ejection fraction
- newly diagnosed
- squamous cell carcinoma
- signaling pathway
- prognostic factors
- metabolic syndrome
- skeletal muscle
- cell therapy
- oxidative stress
- radiation therapy
- rectal cancer
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- bone mineral density
- insulin resistance
- high grade
- cancer therapy
- replacement therapy
- smoking cessation
- soft tissue
- patient reported
- locally advanced
- induced apoptosis
- bone regeneration