Identification of natural compounds tubercidin and lycorine HCl against small-cell lung cancer and BCAT1 as a therapeutic target.

Although small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for a small fraction of lung cancer cases (~15%), the prognosis of patients with SCLC is poor with an average overall survival period of a few months without treatment. Current treatments include standard chemotherapy, which has minimal efficacy and a newly developed immunotherapy that thus far, benefits a limited number of patients. In the current study, we screened a natural product library and identified 5 natural compounds, in particular tubercidin and lycorine HCl, that display prominent anti-SCLC activities in vitro and in vivo. Subsequent RNA-sequencing and functional validation assays revealed the anti-SCLC mechanisms of these new compounds, and further identified new cellular factors such as BCAT1 as a potential therapeutic target with clinical implication in SCLC patients. Taken together, our study provides promising new directions for fighting this aggressive lung cancer.