Association of urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) with risk factors of diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes patients.

Urinary levels of both kidney injury molecule-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 represent distinguishing markers for the evaluation of diabetic kidney disease progression according to the associated degrees of albuminuria or/and the estimated glomerular-filtration rate. In addition, correlations between urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and glycemic and inflammatory marker levels revealed the role of hyperglycemia and chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease.