Manipulating the Li-S reaction kinetics via the V 8 C 7 /phosphorus defect-integrated carbon promoter.

V 8 C 7 /phosphorus defect-integrated carbon (VPC) is proposed as a dual-function promoter for Li-S chemistry. The well-dispersed V 8 C 7 and phosphorus defects exhibit ample polar sites and remarkable electron conductivity. Such rational integration of dual active centers simultaneously suppresses the shuttle effect and propels the Li-S redox reaction kinetics. Therefore, the S/VPC cathode shows an initial capacity of 1090.0 mA h g -1 and a high retention of 83.5% at 0.2C after 100 cycles and a low decay rate of 0.076% at 2C over 600 cycles.