Venous Thromboembolism in Children: From Diagnosis to Management.
Giuseppe LassandroViviana Valeria PalmieriValentina PalladinoAnna AmorusoMaria Felicia FaienzaPaola GiordanoPublished in: International journal of environmental research and public health (2020)
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) in children is a rare occurrence, although in recent decades we have seen an increase due to several factors, such as the rise in survival of subjects with chronic conditions, the use of catheters, and the increased sensitivity of diagnostic tools. Besides inherited thrombophilia, acquired conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, infections, chronic disorders, obesity and malignancy are also common risk factors for paediatric VTE. The treatment of paediatric VTE consists of the use of heparins and/or vitamin K antagonists to prevent dissemination, embolization, and secondary VTE. Randomized clinical trials of direct oral anticoagulants in paediatric VTE are ongoing, with the aim to improve the compliance and the care of patients. We reviewed the physiological and pathological mechanisms underlying paediatric thrombosis and updated the current diagnosis and treatment options.
Keyphrases
- venous thromboembolism
- direct oral anticoagulants
- intensive care unit
- emergency department
- young adults
- cardiovascular disease
- end stage renal disease
- healthcare
- newly diagnosed
- metabolic syndrome
- insulin resistance
- risk assessment
- pulmonary embolism
- patient reported outcomes
- skeletal muscle
- cardiovascular risk factors
- atrial fibrillation
- drug induced
- high fat diet induced
- chronic pain
- body mass index
- coronary artery disease
- health insurance
- smoking cessation