The influence of sex hormones on renal cell carcinoma.
Michael LadurnerAndrea Katharina LindnerPeter RehderGennadi TulchinerPublished in: Therapeutic advances in medical oncology (2024)
Kidney cancer is a common malignancy that constitutes around 5% of all cancer cases. Males are twice as likely to acquire renal cell carcinoma (RCC) compared to females and experience a higher rate of mortality. These disparities indicate that sex hormone (SH)-dependent pathways may have an impact on the aetiology and pathophysiology of RCC. Examination of SH involvement in conventional signalling pathways, as well as genetics and genomics, especially the involvement of ribonucleic acid, reveal further insights into sex-related differences. An understanding of SHs and their influence on kidney cancer is essential to offer patients individualized medicine that would better meet their needs in terms of prevention, diagnosis and treatment. This review presents the understanding of sex-related differences in the clinical manifestation of kidney cancer patients and the underlying biological processes.
Keyphrases
- risk factors
- renal cell carcinoma
- papillary thyroid
- squamous cell
- newly diagnosed
- end stage renal disease
- single cell
- ejection fraction
- lymph node metastasis
- childhood cancer
- type diabetes
- coronary artery disease
- cardiovascular disease
- gene expression
- genome wide
- prognostic factors
- dna methylation
- patient reported outcomes