Predictors of In-Stent Stenosis Following the Implantation of Pipeline Embolization Devices for the Treatment of Aneurysms Located at or beyond the Circle of Willis in the Anterior Circulation.

Compared with the on-label use of Pipeline Embolization Devices, the rate of in-stent stenosis did not obviously increase when treating distal anterior circulation aneurysms with these devices. The incidence of in-stent stenosis was 36.47% when defined as a lumen diameter loss of >25%, and 15.2% when defined as a lumen diameter loss of >50%. Stent-size selection and biochemical indicators can potentially impact the incidence of in-stent stenosis.