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Increased behavioural inhibition and decreased behavioural activation in whiplash-associated disorders: Associations with health outcomes.

Ashley SmithSusanne Becker
Published in: European journal of pain (London, England) (2024)
In line with current theories, we found a large proportion (30%-50%) of patients with whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) showing signs of altered function in the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) and Behavioural Activation System (BAS) suggesting altered reward processing and motivation in these patients. While such altered functions showed associations with pain interference, disability and all mental health measures, reward processing could no be demonstrated as a pathogenetically relevant factor in chronic WAD patients.
Keyphrases
  • end stage renal disease
  • mental health
  • newly diagnosed
  • ejection fraction
  • chronic kidney disease
  • prognostic factors
  • multiple sclerosis
  • pain management
  • mental illness