Development and validation of Malaysia Medication Adherence Assessment Tool (MyMAAT) for diabetic patients.
Ernieda HatahNadiah RahimMohd Makmor-BakryNoraida Mohamed ShahNoraini MohamadMahadir AhmadNor Hasni HaronChoe Sze HweAngeline Tan Meng WahFahmi HassanShakirin Shaik RahmatSarah Ann RobertNoraidatulakma AbdullahPublished in: PloS one (2020)
Medication non-adherence remains a significant barrier in achieving better health outcomes for patients with chronic diseases. Previous self-reported medication adherence tools were not developed in the context of the Malaysia population. The most commonly used tool, MMAS-8, is no longer economical because it requires a license and currently every form used is charged. Hence, there is a need to develop and validate a new medication adherence tool. The Malaysia Medication Adherence Assessment Tool (MyMAAT) was developed by a multidisciplinary team with expertise in medication adherence and health literacy. The face and content validities of the MyMAAT was established by a panel of experts. A total of 495 patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited from the Ministry of Health facilities consisting of five hospitals and five primary health clinics. A test-retest was conducted on 42 of the patients one week following their first data collection. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to evaluate the validity of the MyMAAT. The final item for MyMAAT was compared with SEAMS, HbA1c%, Medication Possession ratio (MPR) score, and pharmacist's subjective assessment for its hypothesis testing validity. The MyMAAT-12 achieved acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.910) and stable reliability as the test-retest score showed good to excellent correlation (Spearman's rho = 0.96, p = 0.001). The MyMAAT has significant moderate association with SEAMS (Spearman's rho = 0.44, p = < 0.001) and significant relationship with HbA1c (< 8% and ≥ 8%) (χ2(1) = 13.4, p < 0.001), MPR (χ2(1) = 13.6, p < 0.001) and pharmacist's subjective assessment categories (χ2(1) = 31, p < 0.001). The sensitivity of MyMAAT-12, tested against HbA1c% was 72.9% while its specificity was 43%. This study demonstrates that the MyMAAT-12 together with other methods of assessment may make a better screening tool to identify patients who were non-adherence to their medications.
Keyphrases
- healthcare
- public health
- health information
- end stage renal disease
- mental health
- newly diagnosed
- primary care
- peritoneal dialysis
- sleep quality
- emergency department
- ejection fraction
- clinical trial
- prognostic factors
- adverse drug
- health promotion
- adipose tissue
- protein kinase
- quality improvement
- climate change
- artificial intelligence
- human health
- metabolic syndrome
- patient reported outcomes
- deep learning
- insulin resistance
- study protocol
- patient reported