A systematic review comparing the macrophage inflammatory response to hydrophobic and hydrophilic sandblasted large grit, acid-etched titanium or titanium-zirconium surfaces during in vitro studies.

SLActive surfaces modulate macrophages to reduce proinflammatory and increase anti-inflammatory gene expression and cytokine production compared to SLA surfaces. The in vitro nature of the included studies does not replicate the in vivo healing cascade. Further in vivo studies are required to assess the macrophage response toward SLActive implant surfaces compared to SLA surfaces.