Sensing performances of pure and hybridized carbon nanotubes-ZnO nanowire networks: A detailed study.

In this work, the influence of carbon nanotube (CNT) hybridization on ultraviolet (UV) and gas sensing properties of individual and networked ZnO nanowires (NWs) is investigated in detail. The CNT concentration was varied to achieve optimal conditions for the hybrid with improved sensing properties. In case of CNT decorated ZnO nanonetworks, the influence of relative humidity (RH) and applied bias voltage on the UV sensing properties was thoroughly studied. By rising the CNT content to about 2.0 wt% (with respect to the entire ZnO network) the UV sensing response is considerably increased from 150 to 7300 (about 50 times). With respect to gas sensing, the ZnO-CNT networks demonstrate an excellent selectivity as well as a high gas response to NH3 vapor. A response of 430 to 50 ppm at room temperature was obtained, with an estimated detection limit of about 0.4 ppm. Based on those results, several devices consisting of individual ZnO NWs covered with CNTs were fabricated using a FIB/SEM system. The highest sensing performance was obtained for the finest NW with diameter (D) of 100 nm,  with a response of about 4 to 10 ppm NH3 vapor at room temperature.