Previous pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus and the risk of cardiovascular disease: A nested case-control study in Sweden.
Karin HildénA MagnusonS MontgomeryE SchwarczU HansonD SimmonsHelena E BackmanPublished in: BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology (2023)
Pre-eclampsia and GDM are independent risk factors for later CVD and having both during pregnancy is a major risk factor for later CVD. The association between pre-eclampsia and CVD is not modified by BMI. Effective CVD preventive programs for high-risk women are urgently needed in order to improve women's long-term health.