Activities of Nanoparticles Against Fluconazole-Resistant Candida parapsilosis in Clinical Isolates.
Ensieh LotfaliReza GhasemiAzam FattahiMahyar KeymaramMohammad ShafieiMaryam NorouziAzin AyatollahiPublished in: Assay and drug development technologies (2021)
Candida parapsilosis is a non-albicans Candida spp. associated with bloodstream infections in critically ill patients. Failure to treat it effectively due to delay in diagnosis often leads to serious illnessess. The present research aimed to investigate the antifungal activities of nanoparticles (NPs) against fluconazole-resistant C. parapsilosis strains. Ten strains were used from archived clinical isolates. Antifungal activities of NPs were examined based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (M27-A3/S4) guideline. The morphological changes of strains exposed to each NP were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effect of NP on the membrane permeability of C. parapsilosis and the viability of the cells was assessed using the confocal laser scanning microscopy and 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, respectively. The cytotoxicity was evaluated against three mammalian cell lines. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of NPs of 10 strains was in the concentration range of 0.5-4 μg/mL; these results were confirmed with the viability test. The antifungal activity of synthesized silver NPs (AgNPs) against resistant C. parapsilosis was greater in comparison with the gold NPs (AuNPs). The SEM images indicated a difference in the fungal morphology of the fungi. The propidium iodide uptake by C. parapsilosis cells showed concentration-dependent mortality in NPs treatment with a confocal laser scanning microscope. There was a notable difference (p < 0.01) in the cell viability in the concentration range of 0.5-4 μg/mL between NPs based on the MTT assay. In addition, these NPs exhibited very low toxicity for three mammalian cell lines, specially at 0.5 μg/mL. AgNPs and AuNPs had fungicidal activities against fluconazole-resistant C. parapsilosis strains. It is crucial to have knowledge based on fundamental research to find new ways to overcome resistant microorganisms.
Keyphrases
- candida albicans
- oxide nanoparticles
- escherichia coli
- biofilm formation
- induced apoptosis
- high resolution
- optical coherence tomography
- high throughput
- silver nanoparticles
- electron microscopy
- cell cycle arrest
- healthcare
- high speed
- risk factors
- oxidative stress
- cystic fibrosis
- cardiovascular disease
- staphylococcus aureus
- endothelial cells
- cell proliferation
- smoking cessation
- combination therapy
- replacement therapy