F-free etching and ingenious construction of hydrogel layer-prepared MXene membranes for oily wastewater separation.

A strategy for the preparation of hydrogel layer MXene membranes by an F-free method was proposed. It maintained high permeance (2686.1 L m -2 h -1 bar -1 ) and separation efficiency (99.99%) even after 300 min of emulsion separation. The membrane resisted harsh chemical and microbiological environments and efficiently treated actual oily wastewater.