Proton pump inhibitors therapy and the risk of pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational studies.

Chih-Hung WangCheng-Han LiRonan HsiehCheng-Yi FanTze-Chun HsuWei-Che ChangWan-Ting HsuYu-Ya LinChien-Chang Lee

Published in: Expert opinion on drug safety (2019)

The presence of significant between-study heterogeneity and publication bias raised concerns regarding the validity of the primary meta-analytic result. Protopathic bias, or reverse causality, may cause overestimated association. Studies that adopted a design to account for protopathic bias did not show a significant association between PPI use and risk of pneumonia.

Keyphrases

respiratory failure
protein protein
stem cells
community acquired pneumonia
mesenchymal stem cells
small molecule
adverse drug
case control
acute respiratory distress syndrome
replacement therapy