Upconversion 3d Bioprinting for Noninvasive In-Vivo Moulding.

Tissue engineered bracket materials provide essential support for the physiological protection and therapeutics of patients. Unfortunately, the implantation process of such devices poses the risk of surgical complications and infection. In this study, an upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs)-assisted 3D bioprinting approach was developed to realise in-vivo moulding that is free from invasive surgery. Reasonably designed UCNPs, which convert near-infrared (NIR) photons that penetrate skin tissues into blue-violet emission (300-500 nm), induce a monomer polymerisation curing procedure in-vivo. Using a fused deposition modeling coordination framework, a precisely predetermined trajectory of the NIR laser enabled the manufacture of implantable medical devices with tailored shapes. A proof of the 3D bioprinting of a noninvasive fracture fixation scaffold was achieved successfully, thus demonstrating an entirely new method of in-vivo moulding for biomedical treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.