Pathophysiological Gaps, Diagnostic Challenges, and Uncertainties in Cardiac Sarcoidosis.
Laura UeberhamAndreas HagendorffKarin KlingelIngo PaetschCosima JahnkeTheresa KlugeHans EbbinghausGerhard HindricksUlrich LaufsBorislav DinovPublished in: Journal of the American Heart Association (2023)
Cardiac sarcoidosis can mimic any cardiomyopathy in different stages. Noncaseating granulomatous inflammation can be missed, because of the nonhomogeneous distribution in the heart. The current diagnostic criteria show discrepancies and are partly nonspecific and insensitive. Besides the diagnostic pitfalls, there are controversies in the understanding of the causes, genetic and environmental background, and the natural evolution of the disease. Here, we review the current pathophysiological aspects and gaps that are relevant for future cardiac sarcoidosis diagnostics and research.