Genome-wide SNP-sex interaction analysis of susceptibility to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Although we found some preliminary evidence of genetic variants with sex-specific effects on IPF risk, our analyses suggest that genome-wide genetic risk from common single nucleotide polymorphisms is similar in males and females. This is important when considering integration of polygenic risk scores into clinical prediction models for IPF. There may be other forms of genetic variation, such as complex structural variation or rare variants, not captured in this analysis, that may improve risk prediction for males and females separately.